What sets centenarians apart from the rest of the population? A recent Swedish study published in GeroScience by researchers from the Karolinska Institute suggests that a surprisingly simple clue may lie in the blood markers of individuals decades before they reach 100.
The study tracked tens of thousands of older adults over several decades, identifying patterns that hinted at exceptional longevity. While genetics, diet, exercise, and lifestyle factors influence lifespan, researchers found that balanced physiological markers in the blood consistently distinguished those who lived past a century.
Key Biomarkers Linked to Longevity
The researchers analyzed 12 blood markers related to metabolism, inflammation, kidney and liver function, nutrition, and anemia. Future centenarians typically had healthier, stable readings even in their 60s, suggesting these markers can predict exceptional longevity.
Lower levels observed in future centenarians:
- Glucose (blood sugar)
- Creatinine (kidney function)
- Uric acid (inflammation)
- AST/ALT (liver enzymes)
- Alkaline phosphatase (liver & bone health)
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, tissue damage)
- Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC, nutrition status)
Higher levels observed:
- Iron
- Total cholesterol
Interestingly, extreme values were rare. Most centenarians had moderate, stable levels, suggesting that balance, rather than extremes, may be the key to a long life.
How These Markers Predict Longevity
All but two biomarkers showed predictive power for reaching 100. For example:
- Low iron or very low cholesterol could reduce longevity chances.
- Stable kidney and liver markers, low uric acid, and low-normal blood glucose were strong indicators.
Differences in these measurements were often visible decades before the 100th birthday, highlighting the value of routine blood tests in assessing long-term survival prospects.
Lifestyle and Midlife Health
Many future centenarians also had fewer chronic conditions and healthier overall profiles by their 60s. This implies that both genetics and lifestyle choices—such as balanced diet, regular exercise, and preventive healthcare—play crucial roles. Notably, about 85% of centenarians were women, consistent with global longevity trends.
Takeaways for Everyone
The study suggests practical steps for those aiming for long life:
- Monitor key markers such as glucose, cholesterol, iron, inflammation, and kidney/liver health.
- Maintain a balanced diet and regular physical activity.
- Focus on preventive healthcare and regular check-ups.
While genetics plays a role, midlife health and consistent monitoring of physiological markers can significantly influence the odds of reaching 100, offering a roadmap to both a longer and healthier life.
